Design and evaluation of sustained-release vildagliptin tablets using natural plant mucilages as functional polymers

Poonam Taru; T. S. Shanmugarajan; E. Bhavya

doi:10.69857/joapr.v14i3.2132

Authors

Poonam Taru Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. 600117
T. S. Shanmugarajan Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. 600117
E. Bhavya Department of Pharmacy Practice, Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Nagar, Chennai, India. 600117

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69857/joapr.v14i3.2132

Keywords:

Vildagliptin, Sustained release, Natural polymer, Mimosa mucilage, Tinospora mucilage

Abstract

Background: Natural plant-derived mucilages are gaining attention as biodegradable and biocompatible alternatives to synthetic polymers in sustained-release drug delivery systems. This study focuses on the development of prolonged-release matrix tablets of Vildagliptin using mucilages from Mimosa pudica seeds and Tinospora sinensis stems for improved glycemic control in type II diabetes mellitus. Methodology: Mucilages were extracted by aqueous extraction and evaluated for physicochemical properties. The swelling index ranged from 250–280%, with a near-neutral pH (6.5–7.0). Matrix tablets were prepared by direct compression and assessed for hardness (5.2–6.1 kg/cm²), friability (<1%), weight variation, and drug content (98.2–101.4%). In vitro drug release studies were conducted for 12 hours. Drug–polymer compatibility was analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy, and release kinetics were evaluated using mathematical models. Results and Discussion: FTIR analysis confirmed the absence of drug–polymer interactions. The optimized formulation showed 96.8% cumulative drug release over 12 hours, indicating effective sustained-release performance. The release followed the Korsmeyer–Peppas model (R² = 0.97) with anomalous (non-Fickian) transport, suggesting a combination of diffusion and polymer erosion mechanisms. The combination of the two mucilages demonstrated superior release control compared to either polymer alone. Conclusion: Mimosa pudica and Tinospora sinensis mucilages exhibit strong potential as natural matrix-forming agents for sustained-release formulations of Vildagliptin, providing a sustainable, cost-effective alternative to synthetic polymers.

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