Comparative phytochemical and antioxidative profiling of assamese culinary for developing antiarthritic polyherbal formulation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69857/joapr.v13i6.1346Keywords:
Curcumin, Bismethoxycurcumin, 6-gingerol, Eugenol, Piperamide E, Rheumatoid ArthritisAbstract
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder where oxidative stress plays a critical role in disease progression with severe co-morbidities. Therefore, plant-derived bioactive compounds are increasingly explored due to their safety, affordability, and multi-targeted therapeutic properties. The present study aimed to comparatively evaluate four commonly used Assamese culinary herbs, Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Piper nigrum, and Cinnamomum tamala for their phytochemical profile and antioxidant potential to identify candidates for synergistic anti-arthritic formulations. Methodology: Ethanolic extracts of the selected herbs were analyzed for TPC, TFC, and TTC using spectrophotometric assays, and bioactive constituents were identified via high-resolution LC-MS. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging assays. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test (p<0.05). Result and Discussion: Among the tested herbs, turmeric showed markedly higher phytochemical content (TPC: 377.50±4.50 mg GAE/g, TFC: 294.29±2.18 mg CE/g, TTC: 201.25±3.14 mg TAE/g). HR-LCMS revealed characteristic compounds including curcumin (C. longa), 6-gingerol (Z. officinale), Dipiperamide E (P. nigrum), and eugenol (C. tamala). Antioxidant assays confirmed C. longa’s superior free-radical scavenging activity (DPPH IC50: 64.83±0.49 µg/ml; ABTS IC50: 145.60±0.95 µg/ml). Z. officinale, P. nigrum, and C. tamala extracts exhibited moderate but complementary activity profiles. Conclusion: The comparative phytochemical and antioxidant profiling demonstrated that C. longa was the most potent candidate, with Z. officinale, P. nigrum, and C. tamala exhibiting supportive bioactivity. The integrative evidence substantiated the rational design of synergistic polyherbal formulations targeting oxidative stress & inflammation in RA, with potential application in therapeutic development.
Downloads
References
Bhakta A, Gambhir L, Verma R. Pathogenesis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with focus on herbal therapeutic approaches. World Acad Sci J, 7, 25 (2025) https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2025.345paperpile
Kour G, Haq SA, Bajaj BK, Gupta PN, Ahmed Z. Phytochemical add-on therapy to DMARDs therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: in vitro and in vivo bases, clinical evidence and future trends. Pharmacol Res, 169, 105618 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105618paperpile
Banik B, Das S, Das MK. Medicinal plants with potent anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties found in eastern parts of the Himalaya: an ethnomedicinal review. Pharmacogn Rev, 14(28), 121–37 (2021) https://doi.org/10.5530/phrev.2020.14.16paperpile
Gogoi BJ, Das AK. Ethnopharmacological relevance of culinary herbs used in traditional medicine of Assam. J Ethnopharmacol, 282, 114596 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114596paperpile
Bilski R, Nuszkiewicz J. Antioxidant therapies as emerging adjuncts in rheumatoid arthritis: targeting oxidative stress to enhance treatment outcomes. Int J Mol Sci, 26(7), 2873 (2025) https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26072873paperpile
Devi R, Sarma MP. A review on the plant secondary metabolites with special context with North East India. Int J Adv Appl Sci, 10(3), 245–50 (2021) https://doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v10.i3.pp245-250paperpile
Rana N, Gupta P, Singh H, Nagarajan K. Role of bioactive compounds, novel drug delivery systems, and polyherbal formulations in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen, 27(3), 353–85 (2024) https://doi.org/10.2174/1386207326666230914103714paperpile
Sharma B, Yadav DK. Metabolomics and network pharmacology in the exploration of the multi-targeted therapeutic approach of traditional medicinal plants. Plants, 11(23), 3243 (2022) https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11233243paperpile
Singh PK, Singh J, Medhi T, Kumar A. Phytochemical screening, quantification, FT-IR analysis, and in silico characterization of potential bioactive compounds identified in HR-LC/MS analysis of the polyherbal formulation from Northeast India. ACS Omega, 7(37), 33067–78 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c03117paperpile
Rather RA, Bano H, Padder SA, Perveen K, Al Masoudi LM, Alam SS, Hong SH. Anthropogenic impacts on phytosociological features and soil microbial health of Colchicum luteum L., an endangered medicinal plant of North Western Himalaya. Saudi J Biol Sci, 29(4), 2856–66 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.011paperpile
Patil SC, Baghel AS, Kamble SB, Chaudhari SY, Harisha CR, Shukla VJ. Preliminary pharmacognosy, physico-phytochemical and nutraceutical profile of Abhayadi Avaleha. Int J Ayurveda Res, 3(2), 142–7 (2022) https://doi.org/10.4103/ijar.ijar_6_22paperpile
Slaček G, Kotnik P, Osmić A, Postružnik V, Knez Ž, Finšgar M, Knez Marevci M. The extraction process, separation, and identification of curcuminoids from turmeric (Curcuma longa). Foods, 12(21), 4000 (2023) https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12214000paperpile
Maheshwaran L, Nadarajah L, Senadeera SPNN, Ranaweera CB, Chandana AK, Pathirana RN. Phytochemical testing methodologies and principles for preliminary screening/qualitative testing. Asian Plant Res J, 12(5), 11–38 (2024) https://doi.org/10.9734/aprj/2024/v12i5267paperpile
Dessalegn E, Mathewos M, Gebremeskel H, Tuasha N. Determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antibacterial potential of the bark extracts of Syzygium guineense (Wild.) DC. BMC Complement Med Ther, 25(1), 35 (2025) https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-025-04788-zpaperpile
Mohammed EA, Abdalla IG, Alfawaz MA, Mohammed MA, Al Maiman SA, Osman MA, Yagoub AEA, Hassan AB. Effects of extraction solvents on the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity in the aerial part of root vegetables. Agriculture, 12(11), 1820 (2022) https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12111820paperpile
Ahad MF, Zilani MNH, Akter A, Nasrullah ASM, Karmakar UK, Biswas NN, Anisuzzman M, Bokshi B. Comparative pharmacological potential of Ceriops decandra (Griff.) and Ceriops tagal Linn.: medicinal plants of the Sundarbans. J Med Plants Stud, 9(4), 14–23 (2021) https://doi.org/10.22271/plants.2021.v9.i4a.1306paperpile
Arruda HS, Angolini CFF, Eberlin MN, Pastore GM, Marostica Junior MR. UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS profiling of phytochemicals from Araticum fruit (Annona crassiflora Mart.) and its antioxidant activity. Foods, 12(18), 3456 (2023) https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12183456paperpile
Baliyan S, Mukherjee R, Priyadarshini A, Vibhuti A, Gupta A, Pandey RP, Chang CM. Determination of antioxidants by DPPH radical scavenging activity and quantitative phytochemical analysis of Ficus religiosa. Molecules, 27(4), 1326 (2022) https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041326paperpile
Bari MW, Islam A, Islam MM, Sultana MJ, Afroz R, Khan MMR, Parul SS, Swaraz AM, Hossain MI, Islam MA. Determination of in vitro antioxidant activity and in vivo antineoplastic effects against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma of methanolic extract of Sphagneticola calendulacea (L.) Pruski. Heliyon, 7(6), e07228 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07228paperpile
Wang Y, Niu M, Jia GL, Li RS, Zhang YM, Zhang CE, Xiao XH. Untargeted metabolomics reveals intervention effects of total turmeric extract in a rat model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2016(1), 8495953 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8495953paperpile
Tsugawa H, Nakabayashi R, Mori T, Yamada Y, Takahashi M, Rai A et al. A cheminformatics approach to characterize metabolomes in stable-isotope-labeled organisms. Nat Methods, 16(4), 295–98 (2019) https://doi:10.1038/s41592-019-0358-2
Horai H, Arita M, Kanaya S, Nihei Y, Ikeda T, Suwa K et al. MassBank: a public repository for sharing mass spectral data for life sciences. J Mass Spectrom, 45(7), 703–14 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1002/jms.1777
Hazarika N, Nath B, Debnath S, Sikdar P, Kapil MJ, Sharma N, Saikia HB. Quality standardization and statistical optimization of polyherbal blends targeting rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Environ Sci, 11(19s), 383–91 (2025) https://doi.org/10.64252/3e37wx94paperpile
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2025 Nilutpal Hazarika, Bipul Nath, Subhashis Debnath
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
